Unlocking the Riemann Hypothesis: Novel Approaches from Representation Theory and Quantum Mechanics

Introduction

The Riemann Hypothesis (RH) remains one of the most significant unsolved problems in mathematics. This article explores how mathematical frameworks and techniques presented in "hal-00794489" might contribute to solving the RH. The analysis focuses on constructing explicit research pathways by combining existing mathematical foundations with novel approaches.

Mathematical Frameworks and Their Application to the Riemann Hypothesis

Matrix Representations and Eigenvalues

• Mathematical Formulation: Consider matrix representations such as F_(4,1), F_(4,2), and F_(4,3). These matrices can be interpreted as transformations in a complex function space.
• Theorems/Conjectures:
  • Conjecture: The eigenvalues of these matrices, when associated with operators on a Hilbert space of analytic functions, correlate with the zeros of the Riemann zeta function.
  • Theorem Proposal: If the imaginary parts of these eigenvalues equal the non-trivial zeros of the zeta function, then a new pathway towards the Hilbert-Pólya conjecture is formed.
• Connection to Zeta Function: Establish a formal operator whose eigenvalues correspond to the non-trivial zeros of the zeta function. The matrices in the paper provide a potential class of such operators.

Homogeneous Polynomial Spaces and Orthogonality

• Mathematical Formulation: Utilize the definitions of spaces D_{[λ, μ]} and V_{(t, t z, y)}^{\lambda \mu} to construct polynomial bases orthogonal under a specific inner product related to the zeta function.
• Theorems/Conjectures:
  • Theorem Proposal: Functions from these spaces can be used to approximate the zeta function in a region, potentially revealing new properties about its zeros.
• Connection to Zeta Function: Analyze how the orthogonality conditions in these polynomial spaces relate to the Hardy-Littlewood conjectures for the distribution of primes, and hence to the properties of the zeta function.

Algebraic Generators and Symmetry Groups

• Mathematical Formulation: Investigate the algebraic structures generated by \mathfrak{I}_{+}, \mathfrak{I}_{-}, \mathfrak{I}_{3} and their role in function spaces that encapsulate the zeta function.
• Theorems/Conjectures:
  • Conjecture: The symmetry properties of these generators underlie a hidden symmetry in the zeta function.
• Connection to Zeta Function: Explore the potential SU(2) symmetry in the zeros of the zeta function, analogous to the symmetries found in quantum mechanics.

Novel Approaches Combining Existing Research

Matrix Eigenvalue Problem and Hilbert Spaces

• Mathematical Foundation: Combine the matrix representations from the paper with the functional analysis used in Hilbert space theory. Use spectral theory to link the matrices' eigenvalues to zeta zeros.
• Methodology:
  • Define a new Hilbert space where each matrix from the paper acts as an operator.
  • Develop a theory linking the spectra of these matrices to the critical line Re(s) = 1/2.
  • Analyze the implications of this linkage for the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis.
• Predictions and Limitations: Predict that the eigenvalues directly correlate with the non-trivial zeros. Limitations include the non-standard nature of these matrices and the potential for non-applicability in wider contexts.

Orthogonal Polynomials and Zeta Function Approximations

• Mathematical Foundation: Use the polynomial spaces from the paper to construct approximations of the zeta function, particularly focusing on their orthogonality properties.
• Methodology:
  • Develop an orthogonal basis in the polynomial space associated with the zeta function.
  • Use these polynomials to approximate and hence study the analytic continuation and zeros of the zeta function.
  • Correlate the properties of these polynomials with known results on the distribution of primes and zeros of zeta.
• Predictions and Limitations: Predict that these polynomials reveal new properties about the zeta zeros. Limitations may include the complexity of calculating these polynomials for high degrees.

Tangential Connections

SU(2) Symmetry

• Mathematical Bridge: Explore the SU(2) symmetry generators in the context of automorphic forms and their relation to the symmetry in zeros of the zeta function.
• Conjectures: The action of these generators on specific automorphic forms elucidates new symmetries in the distribution of primes.
• Computational Experiments: Numerically simulate the action of these SU(2) generators on known automorphic forms and compare the symmetry properties with the distribution of zeros.

Detailed Research Agenda

• Conjectures to Prove:
  • Prove that the eigenvalues of the matrices correspond to zeta zeros.
  • Establish that the polynomial bases approximate the zeta function effectively.
• Mathematical Tools: Functional analysis, operator theory, spectral theory, and computational algebra.
• Intermediate Results:
  • Verification that smaller matrices have eigenvalues matching some of the known zeta zeros.
  • Effective approximation of the zeta function in critical strips by low-degree polynomials.
• Sequence of Theorems:
  • Theorem on the correspondence of matrix eigenvalues to zeta zeros.
  • Theorem on polynomial approximation accuracy and its implications for zeta zeros.
• Examples: Use 2x2 matrices to model simpler analogs of the zeta function and test predictions against known zeros.

Conclusion

By exploring these pathways and rigorously verifying each step, new insights into the Riemann Hypothesis may be uncovered. The paper "hal-00794489" provides a foundation for further research in this direction.